Bird List for the Bosque del Apache

The Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge lies along 9 miles of the Rio Grande in the desert of southcentral New Mexico. Low dikes built since the refuge was established in the late 1930's have created extensive water impoundments, ideal winter habitat for ducks, geese, sandhill cranes and wading birds.

The riparian habitat of the Rio Grande and the adjoining arid uplands provide a wide variety of bird life. Cultivated fields furnish additional food for wintering waterfowl, pheasant and other wildlife.

This "folder" lists 320 species of birds seen on the refuge since 1940, and is in accordance wuth the Sixth Edition A.O.U. Checklist. Symbols used in this list are defined as follows:

S - Spring . . . . March - May
S - Summer . . . . June - August
F - Fall . . . . . September - November
W - Winter . . . . December - February

In the list below, the seasonal occurances are listed in the above order.

- nests locally
a - abundant . . . a common species which is very numerous
c - common . . . . certain to be seen in suitable habitat
u - uncommon . . . present, but not certain to be seen
o - occasional . . seen only a few times during a season
r - rare . . . . . see at intervals of 2 to 5 years

The J and A markings indicate sightings during January and August 1994 visits.
The links on the names of the birds will bring up pictures of the birds from the North American Breeding Bird Survey server of the National Biological Service.

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Loons

Common Loon r r

Grebes

Pied-billed Grebe a c a c

Horned Grebe r r

Eared Grebe u u o

Western Grebe o u u o

Clark's Grebe o o o

American White Pelican c o c o

Comorants

A Double-crested Cormorants c c c u

Olivaceous Cormorant u u u u

Bitterns and Herons

American Bittern u u u o

Least Bittern u u u

J, A Great Blue Heron a u c c

A Great Egret o o o

A Snowy Egret c a c o

Little Blue Heron o o o

Cattle Egret u u o r

A Green-Backed Heron u u u

A Black-crowned Night Heron u c c o

Ibises

White-faced Ibis u u u

Swans, Geese, Ducks

Tundra Swan o

J Greater White-fronted Goose o o o

J Snow Goose u a a

J Ross Goose u u c

J, A Canada Goose c c c c

Wood Duck o o

J Green-winged Teal c o a c

J, A Mallard a c a a

J Northern Pintail c u a a

Blue-winged Teal c u c

Cinnamon Teal c u c o

J Northern Shoveler c u a a

J Gadwall c u c a

American Wigeon c o c u

Canvasback u o u u

J Redhead u o u c

Ring-necked Duck u u c

Lesser Scaup u o u u

Common Goldeneye r r r

J Bufflehead u u c

J Hooded Merganser o u u

J Common Merganser o o c

Red-breasted Merganser r r r

Ruddy Duck c u c c

American Vultures

A Turkey Vulture c a a

Kites, Eagles, Hawks

Osprey o o

Mississippi Kite r r r

J Bald Eagle o o u

J Northern Harrier c o c a

Sharp-shinned Hawk c c c

J Cooper's Hawk c o o c

Northern Goshawk o o o

Harris Hawk o o o

Swainson's Hawk u u u

Zone-tailed Hawk r

J, A Red-tailed Hawk c u c a

Ferruginous Hawk u u u u

Rough-legged Hawk o o o

Golden Eagle u u u u

Caracaras and Falcons

J, A American Kestrel c u c c

Merlin o o

Peregrine Falcon r o o

Prairie Falcon o o u u

Pheasants, Turkeys, Quail

J, A Ring-necked Pheasant c c c c

Wild Turkey u u u

Montezuma Quail r r r

Scaled Quail u u u u

J Gambel's Quail c c c c

Rails, Gallinules, Coots

Virginia Rail c c u

A Sora Rail c c c

Purple Gallinules r r r

Common Moorhen u u u

J American Coot c c a a

Cranes

J Sandhill Crane a a

Whooping Crane u u

Plovers

Black-bellied Plover r r

Snowy Plover r r r

Semipalmated Plover o o

Kildeer a a a c

Stilts and Avocets

A Black-necked Stilt c u u

American Avocet a a a c

Sandpipers and Phalaropes

A Greater Yellowlegs c c c o

Lesser Yellowlegs u o u o

Solitary Sandpiper o u o

Willet o u u

Spotted Sandpiper c c c

Upland Sandpiper r o

Long-billed Curlew o o o

Marbeled Godwit o o o

Semipalmated Sandpiper r r

Western Sandpiper u o u

Least Sandpiper u u u r

White-rumped Sandpiper r r

Baird's Sandpiper u u

Pectoral Sandpiper o o

Dunlin r r r

Stilt Sandpiper o r

J? Long-billed Dowitcher c o c o

Common Snipe c u c u

Wilson's Phalarope c o c

Red-necked Phalarope o o

Gulls and Terns

Franklin's Gull r r

Bonaparte's Gull o o r

Ring-billed Gull c c u

Herring Gull o o o

Forster's Tern o o o

Black Tern u o u

Pigeons and Doves

White-winged Dove r o r

A Mourning Dove c a a u

Cuckoos

Yellow-billed Cuckoo u u

J Greater Roadrunner c c c c

Barn Owls

Barn Owl r o o r

Typical Owls

Western Screech Owl o u o

Great Horned Owl u u u u

Burrowing Owl u u u o

Short-eared Owl r r

Northern Saw-whet Owl r

Goatsuckers

Lesser Nighthawk c a c

Common Nighthawk u u u

Common Poorwill o c o

Swifts

White-throated Swift r r

Hummingbirds

A Black-chinned Hummingbird c c c

Broad-tailed Hummingbird u u u

Rufous Hummingbird u u

Kingfishers

Belted Kingfisher u o u o

Woodpeckers

Red-naped Sapsucker u u u

Williamson's Sapsucker o

Ladder-backer Woodpecker c c c u

Downey Woodpecker u u u

Hairy Woodpecker u u u u

J, A Northern Flicker c c a a

Tyrant Flycatchers

Olive-sided Flycatcher r

Western Wood-Pewee c c u

Willow Flycatcher o o

Dusky Flycatcher u u

Gray Flycatcher o o

Black Phoebe u c u u

Eastern Phoebe r

Say's Phoebe c c c c

Vermillion Flycatcher o u o r

A Ash-throated Flycatcher r r

Brown-crested Flycatcher r r

Cassin's Kingbird o o o

Western Kingbird c a u

Eastern Kingbird o o

Scissor-tailed Flycatcher r r

Larks

Horned Lark c u u c

Swallows

Purple Martin o o

Tree Swallow a o a r

Violet-green Swallow c c

Northern Rough-winged Swallow c u c

Bank Swallow u u u

Cliff Swallow c u c

A Barn Swallow a a a

Jays, Magpies, Crows

Stellar's Jay r r r

Scrub Jay u u u u

Pinyon Jay u u u

American Crow c c c

Chihuahuan Raven o u u

J Common Raven c c c o

Titmice

Mountain Chickadee u u u

Plain Titmouse o o o o

Verdins

Verdin u u u u

Bushtits

Red-brested Nuthatch o u u

White-brested Nuthatch o u u

Creepers

Brown Creeper o

Wrens

Cactus Wren o o o o

Rock Wren u u u u

Canyon Wren r r r r

Bewick's Wren o u u

House Wren u u

A Marsh Wren u o c c

Kinglets and Gnatcatchers

Golden-crowned Kinglet c

Ruby-crowned Kinglet u u

Blue-gray Gnatcatcher u u

Black-tailed Gnatcatcher u u u u

Thrushes

Eastern Bluebird r r o

Western Bluebird u c

Mountain Bluebird u u u

Townsend's Solitaire o o o

Hermit Thrush u u r

American Robin c c c c

Mockingbirds and Thrash

Northern Mockingbird c c u o

Sage Thrasher r o

Brown Thrasher r r

Curved-billed Thrasher u u u u

Crissal Thrasher u u u u

Pipets

American Pipet (Water) u r u c

Waxwings

Cedar Waxwing o o o

Silky-Flycatchers

Phainopepla o o

Shrikes

Northern Shrike o

Loggerhead Shrike u u u c

Starlings

European Starling c c c c

Vireos

Bell's Vireo o o

Solitary Vireo o o

Warbling Vireo o o

Wood-Warblers

Orange-crowned Warbler u u

Virginia's Warbler u u

Lucy's Warbler o o o

Yellow Warbler u u u

Yellow-rumped Warbler c o c u

Black-throated Gray Warbler o o

American Redstart o o

Northern Waterthrush o o

MacGillivray's Warbler o o

A Common Yellowthroat c c u

Wilson's Warbler c u

Yellow-brested Chat c c u

Tanager

Hepatic Tanager o o

Summer Tanager u u u

Scarlet Tanager o o

Western Tanager c r o

Cardinals and Grosbeaks

Pyrrhuloxia u u u u

Rose-brested Grosbeak u o

Black-headed Grosbeak c u c

A Blue Grosbeak a a u r

Lazuli Bunting o r r

Indigo Bunting u r u

Dicksissel o

Sparrows

Green-tailed Towhee u u o

Rufous-sided Towhee c c c c

A Canyon Towhee u u u u

Cassin's Sparrow o o

Rufous-crowned Sparrow o o o o

American Tree Sparrow r

Chipping Sparrow c c o

Brewer's Sparrow c c o

Black-chinned Sparrow o o

Vesper Sparrow o c o

Lark Sparrow c o c o

Black-throated Sparrow u c u u

Sage Sparrow u u u

Lark Bunting o u r

Savannah Sparrow c c u

Song Sparrow c c a

Lincoln's Sparrow o o o

Swamp Sparrow r o o

J White-throated Sparrow o o o

J White-crowned Sparrow c o a a

Harris' Sparrow o o

J Dark-eyed Junco c c a

Chestnut-collared Longspur o o

Blackbirds and Orioles

J, A Red-winged Blackbird a a a a

Eastern Meadowlark r r r

J, A Western Meadowlark a a a a

? Yellow-headed Blackbird c u c c

Rusty Blackbird o

Brewer's Blackbird c c c

J Great-tailed Grackle c c c c

Common Grackle o o o

Brown-headed Cowbird c c c o

Northern Oriole c c

Finches

A House Finch c c c c

Pine Siskin c o u c

? Lesser Goldfinch c c c u

American Goldfinch u u c

Evening Grosbeak o r

Old World Sparrows

J House Sparrow c c c c

Loons
	Common Loon	r		r
Grebes
	Pied-billed Grebe	a	c	a	c
	Horned Grebe	r		r
	Eared Grebe	u		u	o
	Western Grebe	o	u	u	o
	Clark's Grebe	o	o	o
	American White Pelican	c	o	c	o
Comorants
A	Double-crested Cormorants	c	c	c	u
	Olivaceous Cormorant	u	u	u	u
Bitterns and Herons
	American Bittern	u	u	u	o
	Least Bittern	u	u	u
J, A	Great Blue Heron	a	u	c	c
A	Great Egret	o	o	o
A	Snowy Egret	c	a	c	o
	Little Blue Heron	o	o	o
	Cattle Egret	u	u	o	r
A	Green-Backed Heron	u	u	u
A	Black-crowned Night Heron	u	c	c	o
Ibises
	White-faced Ibis	u	u	u
Swans, Geese, Ducks
	Tundra Swan			o
J	Greater White-fronted Goose	o		o	o
J	Snow Goose	u		a	a
J	Ross Goose	u		u	c
J, A	Canada Goose	c	c	c	c
	Wood Duck			o	o
J	Green-winged Teal	c	o	a	c
J, A	Mallard	a	c	a	a
J	Northern Pintail	c	u	a	a
	Blue-winged Teal	c	u	c
	Cinnamon Teal	c	u	c	o
J	Northern Shoveler	c	u	a	a
J	Gadwall	c	u	c	a
	American Wigeon	c	o	c	u
	Canvasback	u	o	u	u
J	Redhead	u	o	u	c
	Ring-necked Duck	u		u	c
	Lesser Scaup	u	o	u	u
	Common Goldeneye	r		r	r
J	Bufflehead	u		u	c
J	Hooded Merganser	o		u	u
J	Common Merganser	o		o	c
	Red-breasted Merganser	r		r	r
	Ruddy Duck	c	u	c	c
American Vultures
A	Turkey Vulture	c	a	a
Kites, Eagles, Hawks
	Osprey	o			o
	Mississippi Kite	r	r	r
J	Bald Eagle	o		o	u
J	Northern Harrier	c	o	c	a
	Sharp-shinned Hawk	c		c	c
J	Cooper's Hawk	c	o	o	c
	Northern Goshawk	o		o	o
	Harris Hawk	o		o	o
	Swainson's Hawk	u	u	u
	Zone-tailed Hawk				r
J, A	Red-tailed Hawk	c	u	c	a
	Ferruginous Hawk	u	u	u	u
	Rough-legged Hawk	o		o	o
	Golden Eagle	u	u	u	u
Caracaras and Falcons
J, A	American Kestrel	c	u	c	c
	Merlin	o			o
	Peregrine Falcon	r		o	o
	Prairie Falcon	o	o	u	u
Pheasants, Turkeys, Quail
J, A	Ring-necked Pheasant	c	c	c	c
	Wild Turkey	u	u	u
	Montezuma Quail	r	r	r
	Scaled Quail	u	u	u	u
J	Gambel's Quail	c	c	c	c
Rails, Gallinules, Coots
	Virginia Rail	c	c	u
A	Sora Rail	c	c	c
	Purple Gallinules	r	r	r
	Common Moorhen	u	u	u
J	American Coot	c	c	a	a
Cranes
J	Sandhill Crane			a	a
	Whooping Crane			u	u
Plovers
	Black-bellied Plover	r		r
	Snowy Plover	r	r	r
	Semipalmated Plover	o		o
	Kildeer	a	a	a	c
Stilts and Avocets
A	Black-necked Stilt	c	u	u
	American Avocet	a	a	a	c
Sandpipers and Phalaropes
A	Greater Yellowlegs	c	c	c	o
	Lesser Yellowlegs	u	o	u	o
	Solitary Sandpiper	o	u	o
	Willet	o	u	u
	Spotted Sandpiper	c	c	c
	Upland Sandpiper	r		o
	Long-billed Curlew	o	o	o
	Marbeled Godwit	o	o	o
	Semipalmated Sandpiper	r		r
	Western Sandpiper	u	o	u
	Least Sandpiper	u	u	u	r
	White-rumped Sandpiper	r		r
	Baird's Sandpiper	u		u
	Pectoral Sandpiper	o		o
	Dunlin	r		r	r
	Stilt Sandpiper	o		r
J?	Long-billed Dowitcher	c	o	c	o
	Common Snipe	c	u	c	u
	Wilson's Phalarope	c	o	c
	Red-necked Phalarope	o		o
Gulls and Terns
	Franklin's Gull	r		r
	Bonaparte's Gull	o		o	r
	Ring-billed Gull	c		c	u
	Herring Gull	o		o	o
	Forster's Tern	o	o	o
	Black Tern	u	o	u
Pigeons and Doves
	White-winged Dove	r	o	r
A	Mourning Dove	c	a	a	u
Cuckoos
	Yellow-billed Cuckoo	u	u
J	Greater Roadrunner	c	c	c	c
Barn Owls
	Barn Owl	r	o	o	r
Typical Owls
	Western Screech Owl	o	u	o
	Great Horned Owl	u	u	u	u
	Burrowing Owl	u	u	u	o
	Short-eared Owl			r	r
	Northern Saw-whet Owl				r
Goatsuckers
	Lesser Nighthawk	c	a	c
	Common Nighthawk	u	u	u
	Common Poorwill	o	c	o
Swifts
	White-throated Swift	r	r
Hummingbirds
A	Black-chinned Hummingbird	c	c	c
	Broad-tailed Hummingbird	u	u	u
	Rufous Hummingbird		u	u
Kingfishers
	Belted Kingfisher	u	o	u	o
Woodpeckers
	Red-naped Sapsucker	u		u	u
	Williamson's Sapsucker				o
	Ladder-backer Woodpecker	c	c	c	u
	Downey Woodpecker	u		u	u
	Hairy Woodpecker	u	u	u	u
J, A	Northern Flicker	c	c	a	a
Tyrant Flycatchers
	Olive-sided Flycatcher			r
	Western Wood-Pewee	c	c	u
	Willow Flycatcher	o		o
	Dusky Flycatcher	u		u
	Gray Flycatcher	o		o
	Black Phoebe	u	c	u	u
	Eastern Phoebe				r
	Say's Phoebe	c	c	c	c
	Vermillion Flycatcher	o	u	o	r
A	Ash-throated Flycatcher	r	r
	Brown-crested Flycatcher	r	r
	Cassin's Kingbird	o	o	o
	Western Kingbird	c	a	u
	Eastern Kingbird	o		o
	Scissor-tailed Flycatcher	r	r
Larks
	Horned Lark	c	u	u	c
Swallows
	Purple Martin		o	o
	Tree Swallow	a	o	a	r
	Violet-green Swallow	c		c
	Northern Rough-winged Swallow	c	u	c
	Bank Swallow	u	u	u
	Cliff Swallow	c	u	c
A	Barn Swallow	a	a	a
Jays, Magpies, Crows
	Stellar's Jay	r		r	r
	Scrub Jay	u	u	u	u
	Pinyon Jay	u		u	u
	American Crow	c		c	c
	Chihuahuan Raven	o	u	u
J	Common Raven	c	c	c	o
Titmice
	Mountain Chickadee	u		u	u
	Plain Titmouse	o	o	o	o
Verdins
	Verdin	u	u	u	u
Bushtits
	Red-brested Nuthatch	o		u	u
	White-brested Nuthatch	o		u	u
Creepers
	Brown Creeper				o
Wrens
	Cactus Wren	o	o	o	o
	Rock Wren	u	u	u	u
	Canyon Wren	r	r	r	r
	Bewick's Wren	o		u	u
	House Wren	u		u
A	Marsh Wren	u	o	c	c
Kinglets and Gnatcatchers
	Golden-crowned Kinglet				c
	Ruby-crowned Kinglet	u		u
	Blue-gray Gnatcatcher	u		u
	Black-tailed Gnatcatcher	u	u	u	u
Thrushes
	Eastern Bluebird	r		r	o
	Western Bluebird	u		c
	Mountain Bluebird	u		u	u
	Townsend's Solitaire	o		o	o
	Hermit Thrush	u		u	r
	American Robin	c	c	c	c
Mockingbirds and Thrash
	Northern Mockingbird	c	c	u	o
	Sage Thrasher			r	o
	Brown Thrasher			r	r
	Curved-billed Thrasher	u	u	u	u
	Crissal Thrasher	u	u	u	u
Pipets
	American Pipet (Water)	u	r	u	c
Waxwings
	Cedar Waxwing	o		o	o
Silky-Flycatchers
	Phainopepla	o	o
Shrikes
	Northern Shrike				o
	Loggerhead Shrike	u	u	u	c
Starlings
	European Starling	c	c	c	c
Vireos
	Bell's Vireo	o	o
	Solitary Vireo	o	o
	Warbling Vireo	o		o
Wood-Warblers
	Orange-crowned Warbler	u		u
	Virginia's Warbler	u		u
	Lucy's Warbler	o	o	o
	Yellow Warbler	u	u	u
	Yellow-rumped Warbler	c	o	c	u
	Black-throated Gray Warbler	o		o
	American Redstart	o		o
	Northern Waterthrush	o		o
	MacGillivray's Warbler	o		o
A	Common Yellowthroat	c	c	u
	Wilson's Warbler	c		u
	Yellow-brested Chat	c	c	u
Tanager
	Hepatic Tanager	o	o
	Summer Tanager	u	u	u
	Scarlet Tanager	o	o
	Western Tanager	c	r	o
Cardinals and Grosbeaks
	Pyrrhuloxia	u	u	u	u
	Rose-brested Grosbeak	u	o
	Black-headed Grosbeak	c	u	c
A	Blue Grosbeak	a	a	u	r
	Lazuli Bunting	o	r	r
	Indigo Bunting	u	r	u
	Dicksissel			o
Sparrows
	Green-tailed Towhee	u		u	o
	Rufous-sided Towhee	c	c	c	c
A	Canyon Towhee	u	u	u	u
	Cassin's Sparrow		o	o
	Rufous-crowned Sparrow	o	o	o	o
	American Tree Sparrow				r
	Chipping Sparrow	c		c	o
	Brewer's Sparrow	c		c	o
	Black-chinned Sparrow	o		o
	Vesper Sparrow	o		c	o
	Lark Sparrow	c	o	c	o
	Black-throated Sparrow	u	c	u	u
	Sage Sparrow	u		u	u
	Lark Bunting	o		u	r
	Savannah Sparrow	c		c	u
	Song Sparrow	c		c	a
	Lincoln's Sparrow	o		o	o
	Swamp Sparrow		r	o	o
J	White-throated Sparrow	o		o	o
J	White-crowned Sparrow	c	o	a	a
	Harris' Sparrow			o	o
J	Dark-eyed Junco	c		c	a
	Chestnut-collared Longspur			o	o
Blackbirds and Orioles
J, A	Red-winged Blackbird	a	a	a	a
	Eastern Meadowlark	r		r	r
J, A	Western Meadowlark	a	a	a	a
?	Yellow-headed Blackbird	c	u	c	c
	Rusty Blackbird				o
	Brewer's Blackbird	c		c	c
J	Great-tailed Grackle	c	c	c	c
	Common Grackle		o	o	o
	Brown-headed Cowbird	c	c	c	o
	Northern Oriole	c	c
Finches
A	House Finch	c	c	c	c
	Pine Siskin	c	o	u	c
?	Lesser Goldfinch	c	c	c	u
	American Goldfinch	u		u	c
	Evening Grosbeak			o	r
Old World Sparrows
J	House Sparrow	c	c	c	c

Accidentals

Tricolored Heron	Calliope Hummingbird
Yellow-crowned Night Heron	Lewis' Woodpecker
White Ibis	Red-headed Woodpecker
Wood Stork	Yellow-bellied Sapsucker
American Black Duck	Couch's Kingbird
Eurasian Wigeon	Blue Jay
Greater Scaup	Black-billed Magpie
Black Scoter	Winter Wren
Surf Scoter	Sedge Wren
White-winger Scoter	Bendire's Thrasher
Barrow's Goldeneye	Gray Catbird
Black-shouldered Kite	Sprague's Sparrow
Black Vulture	Nashville Warbler
Common Black Hawk	Northern Parula
Whimbrel	Blk-throated Blue Warbler
Ruddy Turnstone	Townsend's Warbler
Sanderling	Black and White Warbler
Short-billed Dowitcher	Prothonotary Warbler
Buff-breasted Sandpiper	Painted Redstart
Long-tailed Jaeger	Clay-colored Sparrow
California Gull	Fox Sparrow
Black-legged Kittiwake	Golden-crowned Sparrow
Least Tern	McCown's Longspur
Inca Dove	Bobolink
Band-tailed Pigeon	Bronzed Cowbird
Common Ground-Dove	Red Crossbill
Groove-billed Ani	Lawrence's Goldfinch
Long-eared Owl

For additional information contact:

Refuge Manager
Bosque del Apache NWR
Socorro, NM 87801

Books on Birds

The Audubon Society Field Guide to the Bald Eagle, David G. Gordon , Sasquatch Books.
Birds (National Audubon Society First Field Guides), Scott Weidensaul, Scholastic Trade.
How to Identify Birds: An Audubon Handbook, John Farrand, McGraw-Hill.
Western Birds : An Audubon Handbook, John Farrand, McGraw-Hill.
National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Birds: Western Region, Miklos D. F. Udvardy, John Farrand, Knopf.
National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Birds: Eastern Region, John Bull, John Farrand, Knopf.
Field Guide to Hawks: North America , William S. Clark, Brian K. Wheeler (Illustrator), Houghton Mifflin.
All the Backyard Birds : West (American Bird Conservancy Compact Guide), Jack L. Griggs, Scott Edwards, HarperPerenial.
All the Birds of North America : American Bird Conservancy's Field Guide, Jack L. Griggs, HarperCollins.
All the Waterbirds : Freshwater (An American Bird Conservancy Compact Guide), Jack L. Griggs, Edward S. Brinkley, Harper Resource.
The Birder's Handbook: A Field Guide to the Natural History of North American Birds;Including All Species That Regularly Breed North of Mexico, Darryl Wheye, Fireside.
Ducks of North America and the Northern Hemisphere, John Gooders, Checkmark Books.
Waterfowl : An Identification Guide to the Ducks, Geese and Swans of the World, Steve Madge, Hilary Burn (Illustrator), Houghton Mifflin.
Shorebirds : An Identification Guide to the Waders of the World, Peter Hayman, John Marchant, Tony Prater, Houghton Mifflin.
Hawks in Flight : The Flight Identification of North American Migrant Raptors, Peter Dunne, David Sibley, Houghton Mifflin.
A Photographic Guide to North American Raptors, Brian K. Wheeler (Editor), Academic Press.
North American Birds of Prey (National Audubon Society Pocket Guides), Clay Sutton, Richard K. Walton, Knopf.
The Raptors of Arizona, Richard L. Glinski (Editor), Richard Sloan (Illustrator), University of Arizona Press.

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